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"Observations of sea ice over the Arctic have enabled the detection of recent drastic reduction in the extent of perennial ice and its depletion from the eastern Arctic Ocean. These changes have significant implications for Arctic environment, navigation, and resource exploration." (NASA)

Passive Microwave Satalite Data

Sensors:

  • Passive Optical & Thermal

    • Captures albedo, size, temperature, & area

      • AVHRR

      • MODIS

      • Landsat MSS, TM, & ETM

  • Microwave

    • Passive & Active

    • Advance Microwave Radiometer (AMSR-E)

    • Synthetic Aperature Radar (SAR)

    • RADARSat (Canada)

  • Active Optical

    • ICESat- LIDAR- ice sheet elevation

  • IKONOS, Quickbird use visible spectrum to monitor permafrost (frozen soil)

  • Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)

    • 2 satelites every 94 minutes make full rotation around Earth 30 days to cover whole planet

    • Change in mass of polar ice caps, understand sea level change resulting from ocean temperature and water mass changes

QuikScat- comparison of sea ice over the Arctic between 2004 and 2005.

The Effects of Global Climate Change on Ice

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